Doctor’s take: Turmeric may have benefits, but it’s not a cure for all

Turmeric, the golden spice of Indian households, has once again sent political allegations sputtering, this time in the run up to the Karnataka polls – with Prime Minister Narendra Modi accusing the Congress of making fun of him for promoting turmeric as an immunity booster during Covid-19 pandemic.  

The spice, which has been used in South Asian cuisines and traditional medicine for centuries, for its purported health benefits, particularly gained popularity as an ‘immune system booster’ during the pandemic. Many began using the spice in excessive quantities or taking supplements containing turmeric on the basis of research studies on curcumin (one of the components of turmeric), which highlighted its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the conclusions from these studies are often propagated without context, leading to several popular myths about the use of turmeric as an ‘immunity booster’, not supported by scientific evidence. Moreover, the beneficial effects of curcumin are limited due to its poor absorption and easy degradation in the body. 

Myth No. 1: Turmeric is a miracle cure for all illnesses

There is no doubt that turmeric has health benefits, but it is not a miracle cure for all illnesses. Turmeric contains a compound called curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These properties may help to reduce inflammation in the body and protect against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can contribute to the development of chronic diseases. However, there is no evidence to suggest that turmeric can cure or prevent these diseases on its own.

Myth No. 2: Turmeric can ‘boost’ your immune system

While turmeric has been shown to have antioxidant properties with some beneficial effects, there is no evidence to suggest that it can boost one’s immune system. On the contrary, scientific evidence shows that curcumin suppresses immune response to infections in pre-clinical studies, which leads to further aggravation of symptoms. The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against harmful pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. There are many factors that can affect the immune system, including diet, exercise, stress, and sleep.

Myth No. 3: Turmeric can prevent COVID-19

There have been several claims that turmeric can prevent or cure Covid-19, however, without any scientific evidence. Covid-19 is caused by a virus known as SARS-CoV-2, which is highly contagious and can cause severe respiratory illness. While the current treatment regimen for Covid-19 is limited to a few antiviral drugs, there are several vaccines that have been shown to be highly effective in preventing severe illness and hospitalisation. In addition to getting vaccinated, it is important to continue practicing good hygiene and social distancing to help prevent the spread of the virus.

Myth No. 4: Turmeric is safe in large doses

Turmeric is generally safe when consumed in food, not in large doses. Consuming large amounts of turmeric can have negative effects on the body. The components of curcumin in turmeric can interfere with the absorption of iron and other minerals in the body. It can also cause digestive issues, such as nausea, diarrhea, and bloating. The scientific evidence shows that turmeric’s consumption in large quantities can lead to severe liver injury. Additionally, turmeric contains 2% oxalate, which can promote kidney stone formation. 

Turmeric supplements can also lead to adverse events when taken along with prescribed medications. The evidence shows that curcumin interacts with blood thinners (aspirin, clopidogrel and warfarin) and increases the risk of bleeding. When taken with diabetes medications, curcumin may cause sudden lowering of the blood sugar, causing unexpected drowsiness. In addition, some people may be allergic to turmeric and should avoid consuming it altogether.

Myth No. 5: All turmeric supplements are created equal

Not all turmeric supplements are created equal, and it is important to choose a high-quality supplement from a reputable source. Some turmeric supplements may contain additives, or fillers, that can be harmful, and the amount of curcumin in different supplements may also vary widely. One such additive is metanil yellow, which has been shown to cause cancer and neurological damage when consumed in large quantities. Nutritionists usually advise supplements that contain at least 95% curcuminoids and have been independently tested for quality and purity.

Myth No. 6: Turmeric is more effective than other immune-boosting foods

While turmeric may have some immune-boosting properties, it is not necessarily more effective than other foods that are high in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds. Some other foods that may be beneficial for immune system health are berries and citrus fruits, due to high Vitamin C and antioxidant content. While incorporating turmeric into one’s diet may be beneficial for the overall health, it is important to consume a variety of nutrient-dense foods to support immune system function and prevent chronic diseases.

Myth No. 7: Turmeric can replace other aspects of a healthy lifestyle

The health benefits of turmeric do not compensate for the lack of other important aspects of a healthy lifestyle, such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, stress management, and adequate sleep. These lifestyle factors play a critical role in supporting immune system function and preventing chronic diseases. Consuming turmeric supplements or adding turmeric to one’s diet should be seen as a complement to a healthy lifestyle, rather than a replacement for it. Moreover, as with any dietary supplement, one must consult a doctor before incorporating turmeric supplements into their routine.

The writer is a research fellow at Harvard Medical School.