Large number of resources and money are involved in conducting elections and their frequency isn’t helping
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ContributeThe Election Commission of India (ECI) is always busy conducting elections to legislative assemblies or to the Lok Sabha. This frequent conduct of elections involves huge expenditure and other resources. The parliamentary standing committee on Law & Justice in its latest report has extended its support for holding simultaneous elections, there by reducing the frequency of elections.
The 79th report of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice was recently presented in both the houses of Parliament. The report dealt with the issue of‘Feasibility of Holding Simultaneous Elections to the House of People (Lok Sabha) and State Legislative Assemblies’. The committee in its report felt that debate on this important issue should be initiated and an effort should be made for a national consensus to avoid frequent elections.
The committee noted that the first general election to the Lok Sabha and all State Legislative Assemblies was held simultaneously in 1951-52. The practice continued in three subsequent General Elections held in the years 1957, 1962 and 1967. This cycle got disrupted with the dissolution of some Legislative Assemblies in 1968 and 1969. In 1970, the Lok Sabha was itself dissolved prematurely and fresh elections were held in 1971. Thus the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Lok Sabha enjoyed full five year terms. The term of the 5th Lok Sabha was extended till 1977 under article 352 of the constitution (emergency).
The 8th, 10th, 14th and 15th Lok Sabha could complete their full five year terms while the 6th, 7th, 9th, 11th, 12th and 13th Lok Sabha was dissolved prematurely. As a result of premature dissolutions and extension of terms of both the Lok Sabha and various State Legislative Assemblies, there have been separate elections to Lok Sabha and States Legislative Assemblies and the cycle of simultaneous elections has been disturbed in the last 48 years.
The need for simultaneous election to Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies has been debated and felt for quite some time now. As elections have become a big budget affair and expensive, The Law Commission of India in its 170th Report on Reform of Electoral Laws (1999) has suggested simultaneous elections to Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies for the sake of stability in governance.
The standing committee mentioned the following broad reasons for exploring simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha & State Assemblies.
The ECI on its part has suggested the following for the conduct of simultaneous elections.
The ECI has also pointed out to the standing committee that several difficulties might be encountered for conducting simultaneous elections. The primary issue is the large scale purchase of Electronic Voting Machines and Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) machines. For conducting simultaneous elections, the Commission expects that a total of rupees 9284.15 crores will be needed for procurement of EVMs and VVPATs. The machines would need to be replaced every fifteen years and storing these machines would increase the warehousing cost.
Various political parties submitted their written response to the standing committee as summarized below.
Party | View |
AIADMK | Supported the view, but wants deeper discussions on issues that might arise |
Asom Gana Parishad (AGP) | Supported the idea and feels that it would reduce the financial burden on smaller parties |
Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) | Supported the idea and feels that it would lead to significant saving in time, energy and resources of the country. |
DMDK | Supported the idea |
Shiromani Akali Dal | Supported the idea but wants clarity on possible actions when there is a hung assembly |
Indian National Congress (INC) | The proposal of holding simultaneous elections, ideal as it may sound is impractical, unworkable and can lead to a scenario where the necessary balance in Indian democracy given the diversity of the country is lost. |
All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) | Rejected the idea stating that the Constitution provides tenure of five years for the Lok Sabha and Assemblies and feels that the postponement of elections is anti-democratic and unconstitutional. The party however supports holding of simultaneous elections to Panchayats and Municipal bodies. |
Communist Party of India | The proposal looks ideal, but there are many practical problems. In the present situation it is not feasible to conduct elections to both the Houses at one go. |
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) | There exists little feasibility of holding simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha and all the State Legislative Assemblies in the current complex political scenario in the country |
Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) | Holding elections of Lok Sabha and State Assemblies simultaneously is not feasible. |
In South Africa, elections to national as well as provincial legislatures are held simultaneously for five years and municipal elections are held two years later. In Sweden election to national legislature and provincial legislature/county council and local bodies/municipal Assemblies are held on a fixed date i.e. second Sunday in September every four years (last was held on 14th September, 2014 and the forthcoming one is slated on 9th September, 2018).
The standing committee made the following recommendations after going through the various suggestions that were put forward.
The committee feels that the report would open up debate on this important issue and to try and establish national consensus to avoid frequent elections. The committee also mentioned that holding simultaneous elections may not be feasible in 2016 or even in a decade, but a solution will be found to reduce the frequency of elections.
Featured Image: Nilanjan Chowdhury | flickr
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